In 2015, scientists at the University of Windsor received approval to conduct a study on dandelion root, later published in Oncotarget. The research revealed that an aqueous dandelion root extract (DRE) eliminated more than 95% of colorectal cancer cells within just 48 hours. In animal tests, the extract reduced tumor growth by over 90%, opening the door to less toxic, natural therapies.

Dandelion vs. Cancer Cells

The University of Windsor team discovered that DRE induces programmed cell death (apoptosis) in colon cancer cell lines HT‑29 and HCT116, while sparing healthy cells. In laboratory conditions, over 95% of cancer cells died within 48 hours. Additionally, oral administration of the extract reduced tumor growth by more than 90% in mice implanted with human cancer cells.

Researchers found that DRE activates multiple cell death pathways, including caspase-dependent ones such as caspase‑8, and others that are caspase-independent. They observed changes in mitochondrial membrane potential and a rise in reactive oxygen species (ROS), both contributing to apoptosis. Genetic analyses showed selective regulation of pro- and anti-apoptotic genes in cancer cells, while these pathways remained inactive in healthy cells.

A key finding: DRE does not harm normal cells. Tests on healthy colon-derived cell lines showed no cytotoxic effects, highlighting the extract’s therapeutic selectivity. Natural compounds like α‑amyrin, β‑amyrin, lupeol, and taraxasterol—present in the root—appear to target malignant cells specifically.

Potential and Limitations of DRE

Animal test results were equally promising: the growth of xenografted tumors slowed by more than 90%. This raises hopes that DRE could offer a non-toxic and effective alternative for treating colorectal cancer.

However, researchers caution that these findings come from lab and animal models, not direct clinical trials. Siyaram Pandey, co-author of the study, emphasized:

“Most of the cancer cells die within 48 hours, but that doesn’t mean a patient would be cured in that time.”

Rigorous clinical trials are needed to assess safety, optimal dosage, potential interactions with other treatments, and possible side effects.

Scientific accuracy is crucial: the FDA and regulatory bodies will require controlled trials in human subjects, including toxicity and pharmacokinetic phases, before considering therapeutic use.

DRE was also tested alongside lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which mimic tumor-related inflammation. In these settings, it inhibited signaling pathways like TLR4/NFκB and reduced expression of receptors such as ACE2/TMPRSS2. This expands its potential applications to inflammatory conditions associated with cancer.

The extract of dandelion root shows a strong and selective anti-cancer effect against colon cancer cells, both in vitro and in animal models. However, clinical use still requires human trials. These promising findings must be approached with scientific rigor to determine its viability as a safe and effective therapy.

Reference:

• Oncotarget/Dandelion root extract affects colorectal cancer proliferation and survival through the activation of multiple death signalling pathways. Link

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